Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: Mitochondrial DNA release via VDAC1 in keratinocytes: a key driver of innate immunity and vitiligo pathogenesis

doi: 10.1038/s41419-026-08585-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: A–C Time-course analysis (1, 3, 6 h) of 1 μg/mL mtDNA transfection-induced effects in HaCaT cells. A Western blot analysis of cGAS, STING, p-NF-κB, IFN-γ, CXCL9, and CXCL10. B Transcript levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-1β by RT-qPCR. C Western blot analysis of NLRP3, cleaved Caspase-1 and GSDMD-N protein expression. D–I HaCaT cells transfected with 1 μg/mL mtDNA ±10 μM RU.521 (cGAS inhibitor, 1 h pretreatment). D Representative image of PI/Calcein AM staining. Scale bars, 100 μm. E Quantification of PI-positive cells in three randomly chosen fields (one field per well). F LDH release in culture supernatants. G Secretion level of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in culture supernatants by ELISA. H Transcript levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-1β by RT-qPCR. I CXCL10 expression by immunofluorescence. Scale bars, 50 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). Asterisks * indicate a significant difference exists between indicated groups, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. VEH vehicle, GSDMD-N gasdermin D N-terminal fragment, PI propidium iodide, LDH lactate dehydrogenase.

Article Snippet: The levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in human samples were quantified using the corresponding ELISA kits (CXCL9: Elabscience, Hubei, China, E-EL-H6062; CXCL10: Elabscience, E-EL-H0050), following the manufacturer’s protocols.

Techniques: Transfection, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunofluorescence

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Selective JAK Inhibition Reveals Paradoxical and Hierarchical Control of interferon-γ-driven Autoimmunity in AIRE Deficiency

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.05.709894

Figure Lengend Snippet: Untreated Air e −/− mice and Air e −/− mice treated for four weeks with selective JAK1i, JAK2i, or JAK3i were analyzed. Lungs were processed for intracellular cytokine staining, qPCR, ELISA, and immunoblot analyses. ( A-B ) Representative flow cytometry plots showing IFN-γ production by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. ( C-D ) Frequency (of total CD4 + and CD8 + T cells) and absolute numbers of IFN-γ + CD4 + and IFN-γ + CD8 + T cells in the lung. ( E-F ) Relative Ifng mRNA expression and IFN-γ protein concentrations in lung homogenates. ( G ) Relative Stat1 mRNA expression. ( H ) Representative immunoblots of phospho-STAT1 (pSTAT1), total STAT1, and GAPDH. ( I-J ) Quantification of total STAT1 and phospho-STAT1 normalized to GAPDH. For IFN- γ + CD4 + and IFN-γ + CD8 + T cells: n = 9-14 mice per group from four independent experiments. For Ifng and Cxcl9 mRNA: n = 15-22 mice per group from four independent experiments. For Stat1 _mRNA: n = 10-17 mice per group from three independent experiments. For CXCL9 protein: n = 5-10 mice per group from two independent experiments. For STAT1 and pSTAT1 immunoblots: n = 15-22 mice per group from four independent experiments). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons to the untreated Air e −/− mice. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: A DuoSet® ELISA kit (catalog no. DY492-05; R&D Systems, USA) was used to measure CXCL9 and a high-sensitivity ELISA kit was used for IFN-γ (catalog no. 88-8314-88; Invitrogen, USA).

Techniques: Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Flow Cytometry, Expressing